![]() Additional subgroup analysis indicated that older participants and participants who live closer to MPBS more often complained of physical symptoms attributed to MPBS impact (p =. Phones, especially mobile devices, were attributed to negative health outcomes by the highest number of subjects (309, 75.74% and 267, 65.44% for phones and mobile phones, respectively). We identified 408 EHS subjects, out of which 288 (70.73%) were females and 120 (29.27%) were males. Participants were regarded as EHS if they answered “yes” to the question “Do the electric/electronic/telecommunication devices negatively affect your well-being?” and indicated at least one device which in their opinion had such an impact. The full survey consisted of 32 questions and concerned participants’ baseline characteristics and details on sensitivity to electronic devices. The cross-sectional study aiming to describe and analyze the population of EHS subjects was performed using a web-based questionnaire. Secondary goal was to investigate the differences in indicated sources in subgroups distinguished based on gender, sex, place of living, place of work and the distance between place of living and the nearest mobile phone base station (MPBS). The primary goal of the study was to identify sources of electromagnetic field (EMF) which are attributed to negative health outcomes by a general population of electrohypersensitive (EHS) individuals. It is proposed here that new studies, combining provocation approach, where volunteers are exposed to EMF, and high-throughput technologies of transcriptomics and proteomics are used to generate objective data, detecting molecular level biochemical responses of human body to EMF. The basis for it is the notion of a commonly known phenomenon of individual sensitivity, where individuals' responses to EMF depend on the genetic and epigenetic properties of the individual. There is a need for a new direction in studying sensitivity to EMF. Such research approach produces only subjective and therefore highly unreliable data that is insufficient to prove, or to disprove, causality link between EHS and EMF. It is time to drop out psychology driven provocation studies that ask about feelings-based non-specific symptoms experienced by volunteers under EMF exposure. It is logical to consider that the sensitivity to EMF exists but the scientific methodology used to find it is of insufficient quality. However, as presented in this review, the executed to-date scientific studies, examining sensitivity to EMF, are of poor quality to find the link between EMF exposures and sensitivity symptoms of some people. So far, scientists were unable to find causality link between symptoms experienced by sensitive persons and the exposures to EMF. While the experienced symptoms are currently considered as a real life impairment, the factor causing these symptoms remains unclear. Sensitivity is characterized by a broad variety of non-specific symptoms that the sensitive people claim to experience when exposed to EMF. Part of the population considers themselves as sensitive to the man-made electromagnetic radiation (EMF) emitted by powerlines, electric wiring, electric home appliance and the wireless communication devices and networks. EHS persons were suffering not only from their symptoms, but also from economical and social problems. Moreover, 85.3% had to take measures to protect themselves from EMF, such as moving to low EMF areas, or buying low EMF electric appliances. Fifty-three percent had a job before the onset, but most had lost their work and/or experienced a decrease in income. Sixty-five percent experienced health problems to be due to the radiation from other passengers' mobile phones in trains or buses, and 12% reported that they could not use public transportation at all. The most plausible trigger of EHS onset was a mobile phone base station or personal handy-phone system (37%). Seventy-two per cent used some form of complementary/alternative therapy. Reported major complaints were "fatigue/tiredness" (85%), "headache", "concentration, memory, and thinking" difficulty (81%, respectively). Postal questionnaires were distributed via a self-help group, and 75 participants (95% women) responded. The aim was to identify electromagnetic fields (EMF) and plausible EMF sources that caused their symptoms. We conducted a questionnaire survey of EHS persons in Japan. An increasing number of people worldwide complain that they have become electromagnetic hypersensitive (EHS).
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